The Long Walk Home Essay Example For Students

The Long Walk Home Essay African Americans fought for their rights for a long time. Since the 16th century, African Americans have been fighting for their freedom and equality. They have been treated as slaves and discriminated by the white people. Their situation got better as time went by, but until the 19th century they were still treated differently. The Montgomery Bus Boycott occurred during the 1950s, which marks the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement by the African American community. In the movie The Long Walk Home, it shows us the challenges and sacrifices faced by the African American community to end the very hard life they have been experiencing for a long period of time in America. In the 1950s, the Montgomery Bus Boycott happened. During that time segregation was happening in some places like Montgomery, Alabama. There was a bus segregation which means white people sit on the front seats and black people sit at the back seats. After the incident that happened with Rosa parks, a black woman who refused to give her seat to a white man was arrested by the police. We will write a custom essay on The Long Walk Home specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Therefore many black people joined the bus boycott which means thousands of black people didn’t use the bus until the bus segregation stops. This movement for equality required a huge sacrifices and obstacles endured by the African American community. Many African Americans didn’t own a car, so they walked to work and home everyday in support of the Boycott. In the movie, we see that Odessa walked miles to work and home. African American women were treated harshly by white men. In the movie, there’s a scene when Odessa is discriminated by a police officer at the park. Another scene is when Odessa’s daughter and son was threatened and hurt by three white men. This shows us how harshly black people were treated because of the movement they were doing to gain equality. During this challenging events African American community unitedly stand to sought victory. During this time when African American were fighting for their equal rights, the church was their source of hope. The church was a place where they did not fear the society they were living in. In the last scene in the movie, we see how united they were, it was the moment when black people were screamed at and told to surrender. This was a memorable moment because they didn’t fight back instead they sing which they proved that violence won’t solve the issue. African Americans proved that their unity was important to their long sought victory. Despite the struggles faced by the African Americans Miriam Thompson, a white woman, supported the bus boycott. At first she didn’t want to be involved with it, but as time went by and she realized how racist the people around her she decided to do what’s right. She drove Odessa, her maid, to work and later on she began helping the other black people by doing a carpool. Miriam Thompson sacrificed a lot for what she think is right. She sacrificed her relationship with her husband and her surrounding community. Because of what she did it shows us the equality that will happen in the future. The African American community gave their full effort and sacrifice a lot for their equality. They endured all the obstacles and faced it bravely to gain freedom and acceptance. This movie changed the public views on them, they proved to the people of that time, that they’re part of America and people like them deserve acceptance and equality.

The History of Apple Computers

The History of Apple Computers Before it became one of the wealthiest companies in the world, Apple Inc. was a tiny start-up in Los Altos, California. Co-founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, both college dropouts, wanted to develop the worlds first user-friendly personal computer. Their work ended up revolutionizing the computer industry and changing the face of consumer technology. Along with tech giants like Microsoft and IBM, Apple helped make computers part of everyday life, ushering in the Digital Revolution and the Information Age. The Early Years Apple Inc.- originally known as Apple Computers- began in 1976. Founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak worked out of Jobs garage at his home in Los Altos, California. On April 1, 1976, they debuted the Apple 1, a desktop computer that came as a single motherboard, pre-assembled, unlike other personal computers of that era. The Apple II was introduced about a year later. The upgraded machine included an integrated keyboard and case, along with expansion slots for attaching floppy disk drives and other components. The Apple III was released in 1980, one year before IBM released the IBM Personal Computer. Technical failures and other problems with the machine resulted in recalls and damage to Apples reputation. The first home computer with a GUI, or graphical user interface- an interface that allows users to interact with visual icons- was the Apple Lisa. The very first graphical interface was developed by the Xerox Corporation at its Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the 1970s. Steve Jobs visited PARC in 1979 (after buying Xerox stock) and was impressed and highly influenced by the Xerox Alto, the first computer to feature a GUI. This machine, though, was quite large. Jobs adapted the technology for the Apple Lisa, a computer small enough to fit on a desktop. Spiderstock / Getty Images The Macintosh Computer In 1984, Apple introduced its most successful product yet- the Macintosh, a personal computer that came with a built-in screen and mouse. The machine featured a GUI, an operating system known as System 1 (the earliest version of Mac OS), and a number of software programs, including the word processor MacWrite and the graphics editor MacPaint. The New York Times said that the Macintosh was the beginning of a revolution in personal computing. In 1985, Jobs was forced out of the company over disagreements with Apples CEO, John Scully. He went on to found NeXT Inc., a computer and software company that was later purchased by Apple in 1997. Over the course of the 1980s, the Macintosh underwent many changes. In 1990, the company introduced three new models- the  Macintosh Classic,  Macintosh LC, and  Macintosh IIsi- all of which were smaller and cheaper than the original computer. A year later Apple released the PowerBook, the earliest version of the companys laptop computer. Getty Images / Getty Images The iMac and the iPod In 1997, Jobs returned to Apple as the interim CEO, and a year later the company introduced a new personal computer, the iMac. The machine became iconic for its semi-transparent plastic case, which was eventually produced in a variety of colors. The iMac was a strong seller, and Apple quickly went to work developing a suite of digital tools for its users, including the music player iTunes, the video editor iMovie, and the photo editor iPhoto. These were made available as a software bundle known as iLife. In 2001, Apple released its first version of the iPod, a portable music player that allowed users to store 1000 songs in your pocket. Later versions included models such as the iPod Shuffle, iPod Nano, and iPod Touch. By 2015, Apple had sold 390 million units. serts / Getty Images The iPhone In 2007, Apple extended its reach into the consumer electronics market with the release of the iPhone, a smartphone that sold over 6 million units. Later models of the iPhone have added a multitude of features, including GPS navigation, Touch ID, and facial recognition, along with the ability to shoot photos and video. In 2017, Apple sold 223 million iPhones, making the device the top-selling tech product of the year. Under CEO Tim Cook, who took over Apple after Jobs death in 2011, the company has expanded, releasing a new generation of iPhones, iPads, iMacs, and MacBooks, along with new products such as the Apple Watch and the HomePod. In 2018, the tech giant became the first U.S. company to be worth $1 trillion.

Teenage crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Teenage crime - Research Paper Example ams and support especially for children in poverty stricken regions, employment and educational opportunities for youth, recreational activities and correction programs which will prevent them from engaging in further criminal activities. The changing lifestyle and social relations is having a dramatic effect on the young children and especially those who are in the transition phase from childhood to adolescence. Teenagers in the present day world are left to deal with changing family structures, stress of education and career choices and peer pressure in addition to effect of poverty and social status of their families. This changing environment has been a major contributing factor in the rising youth crime rates around the world. Children, especially teenagers, who are exposed to poverty, disintegrated family structures and peer and social pressures are more prone to commit crime at a young age (Juvenile Delinquency). In addition studies have also linked juvenile crime to substance abuse and constant use of drugs is also connected with re-offending resulting in a drug-crime cycle (Hodgdon). Substance abuse by teenagers is a growing social malady in the United States. Despite bans on the use of illicit drugs by teen agers, the percentage of adolescents using these substances since the 1990s is steadily rising (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services; Juvenile Delinquency and Substance Abuse). Many studies have also shown that drug trafficking involving youth is associated with violent criminal activities. Thus both the consumption of drugs and its trafficking involve violent and criminal activities; with juveniles hailing from lower socioeconomic backgrounds being targeted in a majority of the cases. In many cases teenagers addicted to drugs engage in violent or criminal activities in order to get money to support their substance addiction (Juvenile Delinquency; Juvenile Delinquency and Substance Abuse). Various measures are being undertaken by several

The Process of Sustainable Decision Making Process at Greenheart Essay

The Process of Sustainable Decision Making Process at Greenheart - Essay Example The main aim of this research essay is to evaluate the decision-making process at Greenheart, a multinational food company which was taken over by another multinational food chain in 2001, which was known as Greenheart Plus after the merger. The research essay will be analyzing the environmental investment decision making policy at Greenheart, which was entrusted to the CEO whereas it was delegated to TMT (a group of corporate top management team} and will be evaluating who was the best environmental decision maker, whether the individual CEO or the group team of TMT. It is to be observed that at Greenheart, much significance was given to environmental sustainability whereas at Greenheart Plus, much significance was given to the economic sustainability. Greenheart Plus relegated the environmental sustainability to the backyard by giving more significance to the economic sustainability as its core business –decision making process. This research essay employs a sociological out look to spot out two major concerns of the company and also will make two proposals for the efficient decision –making of the company in the near future. The Process of Sustainable Business Decision Making Process at Greenheart As per Laclau and Mouffe, the relationship between society and business organizations commenced at the start of 1970s due to materialization of social care movements and environmental activism in the USA, Europe and rest of the world. From the starting of 1990s, the societal care and environmental safety topped the business decision making. This can be evidenced from the new concept of ecological paradigm advanced by Catton and Dunlap in 1980s, which is a complete transformation to ecocentric thoughts from that of anthropocentric thoughts as advanced by Kennelly and Krause (1995).(â€Å"National Research Council,2005†) As per Levinger and Schneider’s (1969) social comparison theory, the people in group clusters act in a different way than individually. The general view is that the collective authority of a group outperforms the individual decision. Despite the individuals who are self-motivated can achieve an extraordinary ingenuity but working jointly as a team can gen erate astonishing outcomes and a better business decision. As per Guindham, as contrasted with individuals, business decisions taken by a group has proven positive as it offers commitment to their tasks. (Mullins, 2005p.569). A business decision may vary from individual to individual. As per â€Å"Herbert A. Simon†, a decision-making by an individual is subject to limits

Chinese History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chinese History - Essay Example According to the text, the top trigram is referred to as Tui, the Joyous and denotes gladness. The lower trigram in my throw denotes Chen, also referred to as the Arousing and has the attribute of movement (pantherwebworks.com, 2). When the two trigrams are joined together, they yield gladness in movement (following). According to the text, following is endowed with the utmost victory, perseverance promotes, and no blame. The opposite hexagram (Chieh) warns that one must not persevere in the face of vexing limitation. I wanted to know if this year will offer more good than bad, hence I believe that the divination holds that if I seek to serve on the side of good, then goodness will follow me however the reverse also holds true. The divination also holds that I should strive to overcome all limitations that may prevent me from achieving my following in order to succeed. While I truly did enjoy this exercise, I believe divination is largely idealistic. The exercise did allow me to think more about my question and I believe that the answers that it provided were very helpful. I however would not depend on divinity to solve my large questions/decisions. As to the value, I truly believe that the practice offers temporary peace that can enable one to view their problems in a different

Development of Digital Television Technology

Development of Digital Television Technology Digital TV broadcasting and HDTV Introduction While Gugliemo Marconi is known as the inventor of wireless telegraphy in 1897 (Winston, 1998, p. 70), the inventor of television becomes a little more complicated as it entailed an evolution of over ten years to move from its concept to an actual picture transmission and reception. The patent for the electronic scanning tube, termed iconoscope, was held by Vladimir Zworykin, an Russian born inventor who worked for Westinghouse in 1923, however, Westinghouse did not see the utility in his invention and ordered Zworykin onto other projects (Bogart, 1956, p. 8, 348). Philo Farnsworth (Horvitz, 2002. p. 9, 92) advanced the concept, and it was John Logie Baird who accomplished the first transmissions of face shapes in 1924, who is also credited with the first television broadcast in 1926 (Horvitz, 2002, p. 101). From there, the development of television escalated with analog broadcasting representing the transmission method utilized in television until 2000 began the age of digital telev ision and radio broadcasting (Huff, 2001, pp. 4,8,69). To understand digital television, one needs a basic understanding of the manner in with analog television works. In the analog system a video camera takes pictures at 30 frames per second, which are then rasterized into rows of individual dots, termed pixels that are assigned specific color and intensity (howstuffworks.com, 2007a). Next, these pixel rows are then combined with synchronization signals termed horizontal and vertical sync, which permits the receiving television set understand how these rows should be displayed (howstuffworks.com, 2007a). The final signal that contains the preceding represents the composite video signal, which is separate from the sound (howstuffworks.com, 2007a). The difference between analog television and digital is that the analog system as a 4:3 aspect ration, which means the television screen is four units wide by three units high, thus a 25 inch analog television measured diagonally is 15 inches in height by 20 inches in width, with the aspect rat io for a digital television is represented by a 16:9 aspect ratio (Metallinos, 1996, pp. 27, 206 207). Digital broadcasting, as is the case in all broadcast formats, including radio, utilize part of the electromagnetic spectrum (Montgomery and Powell, 1985, pp. 20, 237). Electromagnetic wave frequencies consist of radio, infrared, light that is visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma and then cosmic rays, in order of the lowest to the highest (Weber, 1961, pp. 105, 184). In reality, digital television broadcasting is a subset of digital radio broadcasting, under the ‘one-way digital radio standards’, which not only includes digital radio and television broadcasting, but digital terrestrial television, DVB-T, ISDB-t, ATSC, T-DMB, mobile TV, Satellite TV, radio pagers, as well as the Eureka 147 standard (DAB) to name a few (Levy, 2001, pp. 7,10,11,33). This examination shall delve into an understanding of digital television broadcasting, DAB, DVB-T, HDTV, and its deployment in Europe as well as the United States. Television’s New Age The advantages of digital television is that it offers a broader array of viewing options for both the consumer as well as broadcast stations in that it provides a clear picture and sharper sound, along with the ability of broadcasters to offer multiple sub-channels as a result of its formats (Levy, 2001, p. 71). The three formats, consisting of 1. 480i, which is 704X480 pixels that is broadcast at 60 interlaced frames a second representing 30 complete frames each second, and 480p which is 704X480 pixels that is broadcast at 60 complete frames each second, 2. 720p, whereby the picture is at 1280X720 pixels that is broadcast at 60 complete frames a second, and thirdly, 1080i where the picture is at 1920X1080 pixels that is sent at 60 interlaced frames each second representing 30 complete frames each second, and 1080p whereby the picture is broadcast at 1920X1080 pixels that is broadcast at 60 complete frames each second (howstuffworks.com, 2007b). Note: The above indicates the 525 horizontal line scans whereby each contains approximately 680 pixels. Each pixel represents one element of the picture and contains three areas of red, green and blue phosphor, which may be either rectangular or dots. The electron gun send out electron beams that strike the phosphors causing them to glow, with electromagnets located near the guns directing the beams in sequence to each pixel, with the broadcast signal providing information on how bright the phosphors should be made, at what time and in what sequence. As digital television broadcasting and digital audio broadcasting, DAB, are both based upon the electromagnetic wave principle, they work in the same manner, with DAB providing a broader range of digital channels that are not available on FM, as well as less hiss and interference, tuning to a station format or name and the support of scrolling radio text, MP3 playback and pause and rewind features (Scott, 1998, p. 9, 210). DVB-T represents the Euopean standard for broadcast of digital terrestrial television. DVB-T, or Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial, is a new system whereby the digital audio and video data stream is compressed by use of a OFDM modulation that utilizes concatenated channel coding (Levy, 2001, pp. 3-21). Al-Askary et al (2005) advise that OFDM utilizes convolutional coding that does not have capability to adapt to variations of fading properties of individual sub-channels, thus providing clear distortion freer signals and reception. In the DVB-T method when utilized by broadcasters the signals transmitted are sent from one aerial antenna to another using a signal blaster to the home receivers (White, 2007). The broadcast is transmitted utilizing a digital audio-video stream that is compressed, based on the MPEG-2 standard, which is the result of the combination of one or more ‘Pactetised Elementary Streams’ (Chiariglione, 2000). Note: In summary, the source coding are multiplexed into programme streams, with one or more of these joined to create a MPEG-2 Transpot Stream that is transmitted to set top boxes in the home. It can accommodate six to eightMHz wide channels. Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), which is also termed ‘Eureka 147’ represents the technology employed for the broadcasting of audio through the use of digital radio transmmision (Huff, 2001, pp. 67-78). In order to achieve the sound reproduction quality attributable to DAB, the bit rate levels must be high enough for the audio codec in the MPEG Layer 2 to provide the quality inherent in the system, as well as high enough to enable the error correction coding (digitalradiotech.co.uk, 2007). Both the DAB as well as the DVB-T systems utilize ‘orthogonal frequency division multiplexing’ (OFDM) modulation, with each system being able to handle 1536 sub-carriers (digitalradiotech.co.uk, 2007). The DAB and DVB-T also use the QPSK singal constellation to modulate the subcarriers, and also use 2 bits per symbol which the signal constellations can transmit on each of the subcarriers (digitalradiotech.co.uk, 2007). DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) is particularly suited to utilization in multimedia transmission systems, such as sound, moving pictures and text along with data (Levy, 2001, p. 177). As a radio frequency signal, DAB’s ability in being picked up by radio receivers represents an advantage over DVB-T, whose mobile reception signal â€Å"†¦ is significantly affected by †¦Ã¢â‚¬  the fast changing nature of the transmission channel, thus it is needed to utilize two antennas on the received along with a more complex and â€Å"†¦ elaborate signal processing for †¦ channel tracking† (Lauterjung, 1999). And while DVB-T was developed orginally for stationary reception utilizing a roof-top directional antenna as well as a non-directional antenna contained on a portable receiver, it has been adapted for moble reception as indicated (Lauterjung, 1999). Recent developments in tests conducted in Germany as well as Singapore have shown that DBV-T can be utilized in mobile reception, however the drawback is battery life as a result of power consumption (dvb.org, 2004). HDTV, high-definition television, utilizes approximaetly ten times the amount of pixels as a standard analog television set, representing a high end 1920 X 1080 pixels, against an analog television set’s 704 X 480 pixels (Huf, 2001, pp. 140-141). The high resolution of HDTV requires greater bandwidth thus making broadcast operators make a major financial commitment to deploy the new standard (Brown and Picard, 2005, pp. 47-49). The deployment problem means that in order to make the system work with their current infrastructure, operators would have to reduce the number of channels being offered, a marketing and customer problem in that operators have built their competitive systems on offering a greater number of channel selections. Brown and Picard (2005, p. 336) advise â€Å"The significance of the SDTV/HDTV issue is that, because the transmission of HDTV requires much more spectrum than SDTV, a trade-off is involved for any DTV system between a greater number of SDTV channels and a smaller number of HDTV channels (currently 4 to 6 SDTV channels can be transmitted within the amount of spectrum required for one HDTV channel)†. In addition to the foregoing, there is a lack of uniform standards in â€Å"Standardization, compatibility, interoperability and application portability are essential pillars in the erection of a successful and competitive European digital television system† (Nolan, 1997, p. 610). The National Association of Broadcasters’ estimate that the cost of the new equipment to carry HDTV and retain the number of stations will be between $10 to $40 million based on the station size (Pommier, 1995). Deployment will represent a problem in that the wider TV format will be cut off on standard square type televisions thus necessitating consumers to switch to wide screen television receivers in addition to the special HDTV receiver need to watch high definition broadcasts which can be received over cable or satellite (Brown and Picard, 2005, pp. 110-115). The HD receiver being sold at  £299 by UK broadcaster BSkyB, along with an added  £10 for the service on top of the basic subscr iption charge are another example of the inhibiting factors in deployment O’Brien, 2006). HDTV basically represents what Dietrich Westerkamp who is the worldwide director of broadcast standards at the electronics giant Thomson, which is the largest European manufacturer of HD satellite receivers, calls â€Å"†¦ a chicken and egg situation† (O’Brien, 2006). The situation has been the case with HDTV in the United States as well as Europe, with broadcasters waiting to see enough purchasers of the new television sets before making the financial commitment concerning equipment changes, and consumers waiting to see stations available before making the financial commitment for the new HDTV sets. The answer could be coming from television manufacturers who are starting to turn out HD compatible sets. One such example is Samsung, who has announced that two-thirds of its flat panel production will be HD compatible (O’Brien, 2006). Something will be needed to help jump-start the HDTV situation as presently the size of the potential viewing audience is to sm all to justify the conversion expense, explains Rudi Kuffner, spokesperson for Germany’s largest broadcaster ARD (O’Brien, 2006). Conclusion Since the first television broadcast of face shapes by John Baird in 1924, and the first television broadcast in 1926 (Horvitz, 2002, p. 101) television has come a long way. The introduction of digital television and radio broadcasting in 2000 has increased the viewing experience in providing a broader array of channels, signal clarity and sound as well as giving broadcasters an expanded marketing option of more to offer consumers in a highly competitive market. The new flat panel television sets and digital broadcasting have expanded the ways in which consumers as well as broadcasters view the market. With mobile television systems and the new digital radio channels offering playback and other features, entertainment is getting another big boost. With the biggest new development, that has been around for over four years set to enhance broadcasting and viewing pleasure, when the financial justifications reach the investment levels. HDTV represents the next quantum leap in television despite all of its problems. Technology keeps improving the sphere of entertainment, and it is ultimately consumers who benefit. Bibliography Al-Askary, O., Sidiropoulos, L., Kunz, L., Vouzas, C., Nassif, C. (2005) Adaptive Coding for OFDM Based Systems using Generalized Concatenated Codes. Radio Communications Systems, Stockholm, Sweden Bogart, L. (1956) The Age of Television: A Study of Beijing Habits and the Impact of Television on American Life. Frederick Ugar Publishing. New York, United States Brown, A., Picard, R. (2005) Digital Terrestrial Television in Europe. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, N.J., United States Chiariglione, L. (2000) MPEG-2. Retrieved on 2 April 2007 from http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-2/mpeg-2.htm digitalradiotech.co.uk (2007) Comparison of the DAB, DMB DvB-H Systems. Retrieved on 2 April 2007 from http://www.digitalradiotech.co.uk/dvb-h_dab_dmb.htm dvdaust.com (2007) Aspect Ratios. Retrieved on 30 March 2007 from http://www.dvdaust.com/aspect.htm dvb.org (2004) DVB-H Handheld. Retrieved on 2 April 2007 from http://www.dvb.org/documents/white-papers/wp07.DVB-H.final.pdf Horvitz, L. (2002) Eureka! Stories of Scientific Discovery. Wiley, New York, United States howstuffworks.com (2007b) How Digital Television Works. Retrieved on 31 March 2007 from http://www.howstuffworks.com/dtv3.htm howstuffworks.com (2007a) Understanding Analog TV. Retrieved on 30 March 2007 from http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/dtv1.htm Huff, A. (2001) Regulating the Future: Broadcasting Technology and Governmental Control. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, United States Kiiski, A. (2004) Mobile Virtual Network Operators. Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business, Helsinki University of Technology Levy, D. (2001) Europe’s Digital Revolution: Broadcasting Regulation, the EU and Nation State. Routledge, London, United Kingdom Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (2004) Electromagnetic Spectrum. Retrieved on 2 April 2007 from http://www.lbl.gov/MicroWorlds/ALSTool/EMSpec/EMSpec2.html Lauterjung, J. (1999) An enhanced testbed for mobile DVB-T receivers. Retrieved on 2 April 2007 from http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/www/dev_center.nsf/frameset?OpenAgentwebsite=comcontent=/www/dev_center.nsf/html/artikeldvb-t Metallinos, N. (1996) Television Aesthetics: Perceptual, Cognitive, and Compositional Bases. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, New Jersey, United States Montgomery, H., Powell, J. (1985) International Broadcasting by Satellite: Issues of Regulation, Barriers to Communication. Quorum Books, Westport, CT., United States Nolan, D. (1997) Bottlenecks in pay TV: Impact on market development in Europe. Vol. 21, No. 7. Telecommunications Policy O’Brien (2006) Broadcasters shrink from taking HDTV leap. 30 August 2006 PBS.org. (2006b) Electronic TV. Retrieved on 30 March 2007 from http://www.pbs.org/opb/crashcourse/tv_grows_up/electronictv.html PBS.org (2006a) Mechanical TV. Retrieved on 30 March 2007 from http://www.pbs.org/opb/crashcourse/tv_grows_up/mechanicaltv.html PBS.org (2006b) Widescreen. Retrieved on 2 April 2007 from http://www.pbs.org/opb/crashcourse/aspect_ratio/widescreen.html Pommier, G. (1995) High Definition Television (HDTV). Retrieved on 3 April 2007 from http://gabriel.franciscan.edu/com326/gpommier.html Scott, R. (1998) Human Resource Management in the Electronic Media. Quorum Books, Westport, CT, United States University of Toledo (2005) Television. Retrieved on 2 April 2007 from http://www.physics.utoledo.edu/~lsa/_color/31_tv.htm Weber, J. (1961) General Relativity and Gravitational Waves. Interscience Publishers, New York, United States White, D. (2007) What is DVB-T? Retrieved on 1 April 2007 from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-dvb-t.htm Winston, B. (1998) Media Technology and Society: A History From the Telegraph to the Internet. Routledge, London, United Kingdom

Human Trafficking and the International Sex Industry Essay -- Asia Pro

Human Trafficking and the International Sex Industry Human trafficking refers to the movement of persons across borders for forced labor, sexual exploitation or other illicit activities. Sex trafficking is the most lucrative sector of human trafficking America, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Eastern Europe, and Russia. The global political economy, political corruption, human rights, gender and ethnic stratification, and migration are all related to human trafficking. In many developing countries globalization has brought masses of wealth to the elite at the expense of the poor. Consequently, many women of the poorer classes leave their homeland in search of opportunities for employment. These women are disproportionately affected by poverty, lack of access to education, discrimination, racism, and lack of economic opportunities. International migration is an important aspect of sex trafficking. Manuel Castells While migration has always been a part of human existence it now exists as a more profitable network. We are living in a networked society in which globalization over and over. These are some reasons why human trafficking is the fastest growing and third largest criminal industry in the world (Polaris Project 2003). Kevin Bales’ book, â€Å"Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy,† describes people in such conditions who endure modern forms of slavery, including sex slavery. The life narrative of a Thai girl named Siri, as told to Bales, illustrates how sex slavery happens to vulnerable girls and women. Siri was born in Thailand to a poor farming family. Under the structural adjustment policies of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the Thai government has taken former government subsidies a... ... Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 187 -215. Kyle, David, Rey Koslowski, ed. Global Human Smuggling : Comparative Perspectives Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. Polaris Project Said, Edward . Orientalism . New York : Pantheon Books, 1978. Skrobanek, Siriporn, Nataya Boonpakdee, Chutima Jantateero. The traffic in women : human realities of the international sex trade. London ; New York : Zed Books Ltd, 1997. Taylor, Jacqueline Sanchez. â€Å"Se x Tourism in the Carribean.† Tourism and Sex: Culture, Commerce and Coercion . Ed. Stephen Clift and Simon Carter. London; New York: Pinter, 2000 Clift. 187 -215. Truong, Thanh -Dan. â€Å"Serving the Tourist Market Female Labor in International Tourism.†Femin ism and Sexuality: A Reader. Ed. Stevi Jackson, Sue Scot. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.

Altruism: Research perspectives from Current psychology Essay

Altruism which can also be termed as selflessness is a principle of practice that concerns the welfare of others. This is one of the traditional virtues that were upheld by several cultures, secular views and religious traditions. This is a malleable notion that is understood differently in many disciplines although the common denominator of all the definitions is the ideology of unidirectional helping character. Within the clinical setting, altruism is a value that nurses as professionals poses. Despite the enormous changes within the society and the ways in which training and education for nurses is delivered, nursing is highly underpinned by the beliefs and values of the profession. The values that have been evaluated as altruistic include care for others, academic performance and self-control. Altruism is the key characteristic that all nurses and the health professionals are expected to have (Puka, 1994). The definition of altruism biologically is the behavior that individual poses and increases fitness of another person while at the same time decreasing the fitness of the actor (Pallone, 1999). In this particular sense, it is totally different from the philosophical perspective whereby an action is only said to be altruistic if it was done with a conscious intention of helping another person. Within the nursing and health care fraternities, there are no restrictions to an altruistic act which is just but an act of helping an individual who as a problem or caring for others (Puka, 1994). The nursing and healthcare professionals possess the responsibility of being altruistic. This means that as professionals they have an ethical obligation give others what they need without any form of self-interest (Johnson, Larkin, & Saks, 1995). Most nurses who are altruistic will always make decisions totally that are in the best interest of the concerned patient. By being altruistic the nurses and healthcare professionals are being patient advocate, hence they will be practicing good ethics of nursing. During a moral code situation, the adrenaline of the nurses and healthcare professionals and in a life-saving mode. At this particular point they feel good being a nurse who can save the world as an individual, but when things doesn’t go right this particular feeling is put into a test and one keep asking him or herself questions(Johnson, Larkin, & Saks, 1995). Many new nurses have very hard time while making decisions concerning life and death. In most cases it takes a lot of maturity to get wisdom, knowledge and certitude. Ethics in the healthcare and nursing profession is what it always drives the process of making decisions whether good or bad. Altruism as one of the most critical code of ethics should always be involved in any other decision that is made (Johnson, Larkin, & Saks, 1995). Nurses are also put in a fix that they have to always respect the cultural beliefs and the values of others. Just because nurses sometimes think they know the right thing to do, does not actually make it totally right. It is altruistic for the nurses and other health care professionals to honor and respect the wishes and beliefs of the patients. It is unfortunate that they decisions that are made by the patients and their families are mainly driven by either grief of total lack of understanding (Puka, 1994). Conclusion                      Altruism as part of ethics practiced by nurses encompasses the interpretation of an individual. It is based totally on the values and morals that individuals possess. Although the Nurse Practice Act have very good guidelines for how individuals should act it does not absolve individuals from making personal decisions concerning the issues at hand. References Pallone, N. J. (1999). Altruism, narcissism, comity: Research perspectives from Current psychology. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers. Johnson, T., Larkin, G., & Saks, M. (1995).  Health professions and the state in Europe. London: Rutledge. Bailey, P. A., Carpenter, D. R., & Harrington, P. A. (1999).  Integrating community service into nursing education: A guide to service-learning. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Co. Puka, B. (1994).  Reaching out: Caring, altruism, and prosocial behavior. New York: Garland. Source document

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 7

By the time Rashel intercepted the girl, the truck was already braking to turn around. Someone was shouting, â€Å"She's out! We lost one!† â€Å"This way!† Rashel said, reaching toward the girl with one hand and gesturing with the other. Up close, she could see that the girl was small, with disheveled blond hair falling over her forehead. Her chest was heaving. Instead of looking grateful, she seemed terrified by Rashel's arrival. She stared at Rashel a moment, then she tried to dart away. Rashel snagged her in midlunge. ‘Tm your friend! Come on! We've got to go between streets, where the truck can't follow us.† The truck was finishing its turn. Headlights swept toward them. Rashel looped an arm around the girl's waist and took off at a dead run. The blond girl was carried along. She whimpered but she ran, too. Rashel was heading for the area between two of the warehouses. She knew that if there really were vampires in that truck, her only chance was to get herself and the blond girl to her car. The vampires could run much faster than any human. She'd picked these two warehouses because the chain-link fence behind them wasn't too high and had no barbed wire at the top. As they reached it, Rashel gave the girl a little shove. â€Å"Climb!† â€Å"I can't!† The girl was trembling and gasping. Rashel looked her over and realized that it was probably the literal truth. The girl didn't look as if she'd ever climbed anything in her life. She was wearing what seemed to be party clothes and high heels. Rashel saw the truck's headlights in the street and heard the engine slowing. â€Å"You have to!† she said. â€Å"Unless you want to go back with them.† She interlocked her fingers, making a step with her hands. â€Å"Here! Put your foot here and then just try to grab on when I bounce you up.† The girl looked too scared not to try. She put her foot in Rashel's hand-just as the headlights switched off. It was what Rashel had expected. The darkness was an advantage to the vampires; they could see much better in it than humans. They were going to follow on foot. Rashel took a breath, then heaved upward explosively as she exhaled. The blond girl went sailing toward the top of the fence with a shriek. A bare instant later, Rashel launched herself at the top of the fence, grabbed it, and swung her legs over. She dropped to the ground almost noiselessly and held her arms up to the blond girl. ‘Let go! I'll catch you.† The girl, who was clambering awkwardly over the top, looked over her shoulder. â€Å"I can't-â€Å" â€Å"Do it!† The girl dropped. Rashel broke her fall, set her on her feet, and grabbed her arm above the elbow. â€Å"Come on!† As they ran, Rashel scanned the buildings around them. She needed a corner, someplace where she could get the girl behind her and safe. She could defend a corner-if there weren't more than two or three vampires. â€Å"How many of them are there?† she asked the girl. â€Å"Huh?† The girl was gasping. â€Å"How-many-are-there?† â€Å"I don't know, and I can't run anymore!† The girl staggered to a halt and bent double, hands on her knees, trying to get her breath back. â€Å"My legs†¦ are just like jelly.† It was no use, Rashel realized in dismay. She couldn't expect this bit of blond fluff to out-sprint a vampire. But if they stopped here in the open, they were dead. She cast a desperate look around. Then she saw it. A Bostonian tradition-an abandoned car. In this city, if you got tired of your car you just junked it on the nearest embankment. Rashel blessed the unknown benefactor who'd left this one. Now, if only they could get in†¦. â€Å"This way!† She didn't wait for the girl to protest, but grabbed her and dragged her. â€Å"Come on, you can do it! Make it to that car and you don't have to run anymore.† The words seemed to inspire the girl into a last effort. They reached the car and Rashel saw that one of the back windows was broken out cleanly. â€Å"In!† The girl was small-boned and went through the window easily. Rashel dove after her. Then she shoved her down into the leg space in front of the seat and hissed, â€Å"Don't make a sound.† She lay tensely, listening. She barely had time to breathe twice before she heard footsteps. Soft footsteps, stealthy as a prowling tiger's. Vampire footsteps. Rashel held her breath and waited. Closer, closer†¦ Rashel could feel the other girl shaking. She watched the dark ceiling of the car and tried to plan a defense if they were caught. The footsteps were right outside now. She heard the grate of glass not ten feet from the car door. Just please don't let them have a werewolf with them, she thought. Vampires might see and hear better than humans, but a werewolf could sniff its prey out. It couldn't possibly miss the smell of humans in the car. Outside, the footsteps paused, and Rashel's heart sank. Eyes open, she silently put her hand on her sword. And then she heard the footsteps moving quickly-away. She listened as they faded, keeping utterly still. Then she kept still some more, while she counted to two hundred. Then, very carefully, she sat up and looked around. No sight or sound of vampires. â€Å"Can I please get up now?† came a small whimpering voice from the floor. â€Å"If you keep quiet,† Rashel whispered. â€Å"They still may be somewhere nearby. We're going to have to get to my car without them catching us.† â€Å"Anything, as long as I don't have to run,† the girl said plaintively, emerging from the floor more disheveled than ever. â€Å"Have you ever tried to run in four-inch heels?† â€Å"I never wear heels,† Rashel murmured, scanning up and down the street. â€Å"Okay, I'll get out first, then you come through.† She slid out the window feet-first. The girl stuck her head through. â€Å"Don't you ever use doors?† â€Å"Sh. Come on,† Rashel whispered. She led the way through the dark streets, moving from shadow to shadow. At least the girl could walk softly, she thought. And she had a sense of humor even in danger. That was rare. Rashel drew a breath of relief when they reached the narrow twisting alley where her Saturn was parked. They weren't safe yet, though. She wanted to get the blond girl out of Mission Hill. â€Å"Where do you live?† she said, as she started the engine. When there was no answer, she turned. The girl was staring at her with open uneasiness. â€Å"Uh, how come you're dressed like that? And who are you, anyway? I mean, I'm glad you saved me-but I don't understand anything.† Rashel hesitated. She needed information from this girl, and that was going to take time-and trust. With sudden decision she unwound her scarf, one-handed, until her face was exposed. â€Å"Like I said, I'm a friend. But first just tell me: do you know what kind of people had you in that truck?† The girl turned away. She was already shivering with cold; now she shivered harder. â€Å"They weren't people. They were†¦ ugh.† â€Å"Then you do know. Well, I'm one of the people that hunts down that kind of people.† The girl looked from Rashel's face to the sheathed sword that rested between them. Her jaw dropped. â€Å"Oh, my God! You're Buffy the Vampire Slayer!† â€Å"Huh? Oh.† Rashel had missed the movie. â€Å"Right. Actually, you can call me Rashel. And you're†¦ ?† â€Å"Daphne Childs. And I live in Somerville, but I don't want to go home.† â€Å"Well, that's fine, because I want to talk to you. Let's find a Dunkin' Donuts.† Rashel found one outside of Boston, a safe one she knew had no Night World connections. She pulled a coat on over her black ninja outfit and lent Daphne a spare sweater from the trunk of her car. Then they went inside and ordered jelly sticks and hot chocolate. â€Å"Now,† Rashel said. â€Å"Tell me what happened. How did you end up in that truck?† Daphne cupped her hands around her hot chocolate. â€Å"It was all so horrible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I know.† Rashel tried to make her voice soothing. She hadn't had much practice at it. â€Å"Try to tell me anyway. Start at the beginning.† â€Å"Okay, well, it started at the Crypt.† â€Å"Uh, as in ‘Tales from the†¦'? Or as in the Old Burial Ground?† â€Å"As in the club on Prentiss Street. It's this underground club, and I mean really underground. I mean, nobody seems to know about it except the people who go there, and they're all our age. Sixteen or seventeen. I never see any adults, not even DJs.† â€Å"Go on.† Rashel was listening intently. The Night People had clubs, usually carefully hidden from humans. Could Daphne have wandered into one? â€Å"Well. It's extremely and seriously cool-or at least that's what I thought. They have some amazing music. I mean, it's beyond doom, it's beyond goth, it's sort of like void rock. Just listening to it makes you go all weird and bodiless. And the whole place is decorated like this post-apocalypse wasteland. Or maybe like the underworld†¦.† Daphne stared off into the distance. Her eyes, a very deep cornflower blue under heavy lashes, looked wistful and almost hypnotized. Rashel poked her and chocolate slopped onto the table. â€Å"Reminisce about it later. What kind of people were in the club? Vampires?† â€Å"Oh, no.† Daphne looked shocked. â€Å"Just regular kids. I know some from my school. And there's lots of runaways, I guess. Street kids, you know.† Rashel blinked. â€Å"Runaways†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yeah. They're mostly very cool, except the ones who do drugs. Those are spooky.† An illegal club full of runaway kids, some of whom would probably do anything for drugs. Rashel could feel her skin tingling. I think I've stumbled onto something big. â€Å"Anyway,† Daphne was going on, â€Å"I'd been going there for about three weeks, you know, whenever I could get away from home-â€Å" â€Å"You didn't tell your parents about it,† Rashel guessed flatly. â€Å"Are you joking? It's not a place you tell parents about. Anyway, my family doesn't care where I go. I've got four sisters and two brothers and my mom and my step-dad are getting divorced†¦ they don't even notice when I'm gone.† â€Å"Go on,† Rashel said grimly. â€Å"Well, there was this guy.† Daphne's cornflower eyes looked wistful again. â€Å"This guy who was really gorgeous, and really mysterious, and really just-just different from anybody I ever met. And I thought he was maybe interested in me, because I saw him looking at me once or twice, so I sort of joined the girls who were always hanging around him. We used to talk about weird things.† â€Å"Like?† â€Å"Oh, like surrendering yourself to the darkness and stuff. It was like the music, you know-we were all really into death. Like what would be the most horrible way to die, what would be the most awful torture you could live through, what you look like when you're in your grave. Stuff like that.† â€Å"For God's sake, why?† Rashel couldn't disguise her revulsion. â€Å"I don't know.† All at once, Daphne looked small and sad. â€Å"I guess because most of us felt life was pretty rotten. So you kind of face things, you know, to try to get used to them. You probably don't understand,† she added, grimacing. Rashel did understand. With a sudden shock, she understood completely. These kids were scared and depressed and worried about the future. They had to do something to deaden the pain†¦ even if that meant embracing pain. They escaped one darkness by going into another. And am I any different? I mean, this obsession I've got with vampires†¦ it's not exactly what you'd call normal and healthy. I spend my whole life dealing with death. â€Å"I'm sorry,† she said, and her voice came out more gentle than when she'd been trying to soothe Daphne before. Awkwardly, she patted the other girl's arm once. â€Å"I shouldn't have yelled. And I do understand, actually. Please go on.† â€Å"Well.† Daphne still looked defensive. â€Å"Some of the girls would write poetry about dying†¦ and some of them would prick themselves with pins and lick the blood off. They said they were vampires, you know. Just pretending.† She glanced warily at Rashel. Rashel simply nodded. â€Å"And so I talked the same way, and did the same stuff. And this guy Quinn just seemed to love it-hey, look out!† Daphne jerked back to avoid a wave of hot chocolate. Rashel's sudden movement had knocked her cup over. Oh, God, what is wrong with me? Rashel thought. She said, â€Å"Sorry,† through her teeth, grabbing for a wad of napkins. She should have been expecting it. She had been expecting it; she knew that Quinn must be involved in this. But somehow the mention of his name had knocked the props from under her. She hadn't been able to control her reaction. â€Å"So,† she said, still through her teeth, â€Å"the gorgeous mysterious guy was named Quinn.† â€Å"Yeah.† Daphne wiped chocolate off her arm. â€Å"And I was starting to think he really liked me. He told me to come to the club last Sunday and to meet him alone in the parking lot.† â€Å"And you did.† Oh, I am going to kill him so dead, Rashel thought. â€Å"Sure. I dressed up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Daphne looked down at her bedraggled outfit. â€Å"Well, this did look terrific once. So I met him and we went to his car. And then he told me that he'd chosen me. I was so happy I almost fainted. I thought he meant for his girlfriend. And then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Daphne trailed off again. For the first time since she'd begun the story, she looked frightened. â€Å"Then he asked me if I really wanted to surrender to the darkness. He made it sound so romantic.† â€Å"I bet,† Rashel said. She rested her head on her hand. She could see it all now, and it was the perfect scam. Quinn checked the girls out, discovered which would be missed and which wouldn't. He kidnapped them from the parking lot so that no one saw them, no one even connected them with the Crypt. Who would notice or care that certain girls stopped showing up? Girls would always be coming and going. And there had been nothing in the newspaper because the daylight world didn't realize that girls were being taken. There probably wasn't even a struggle during the abduction, because these girls were willing to go-in the beginning. â€Å"It must have been a shock,† Rashel said dryly, â€Å"to find out that there really was a darkness to surrender to.† â€Å"Uh, yeah. Yeah, it was. But I didn't actually find that out then. I just said, sure, I wanted to. I mean, I'd have said the same thing if he asked me did I really want to watch Lawrence Welk reruns with him. He was that gorgeous. And he was looking at me in this totally soulful way, and I thought he was going to kiss me. And then†¦ I fell asleep.† Daphne frowned at her paper cup. â€Å"No, you didn't.† â€Å"I did. I know it sounds crazy, but I fell asleep and when I woke up I was in this place, this little office in this warehouse. And I was on this iron cot with this pathetic lumpy mattress, and I was chained down. I had chains on my ankles, just like people in jail. And Quinn was gone, and there were two other girls chained to other cots.† Without warning, Daphne began to cry. Rashel handed her a napkin, feeling uncomfortable. â€Å"Were the girls from the Crypt, too?† Daphne sniffed. â€Å"I don't know. They might have been. But they wouldn't talk to me. They were, like, in a trance. They just lay there and stared at the ceiling.† â€Å"But you weren't in a trance,† Rashel said thoughtfully. â€Å"Somehow you woke up from the mind control. You must be resistant like me.† â€Å"I don't know anything about mind control. But I was so scared I pretended to be like the other girls when this guy came to bring us food and take us to the bathroom. I just stared straight ahead like them. I thought maybe that way I would get a chance to escape.† â€Å"Smart girl,† Rashel said. â€Å"And the guy-was it Quinn?† â€Å"No. I never saw Quinn again. It was this blond guy named Ivan from the club; I called him Ivan the Terrible. And there was a girl who brought us food sometimes-I don't know her name, but I used to see her at the club, too. They were like Quinn; they each had their own little group, you know.† At least two others besides Quinn, Rashel thought. Probably more. â€Å"They didn't hurt us or anything, and the office was heated, and the food was okay-but I was so scared,† Daphne said. â€Å"I didn't understand what was going on at all. I didn't know where Quinn was, or how I'd gotten there, or what they were going to do with us.† She swallowed. Rashel didn't understand that last either. What were the vampires doing with the girls in the warehouse? Obviously not killing them out of hand. â€Å"And then last night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Daphne's voice wobbled and she stopped to breathe. â€Å"Last night Ivan brought this new girl in. He carried her in and put her on a cot. And†¦ and†¦ then he bit her. He bit her on the neck. But it wasn't a game.† The cornflower-blue eyes stared into the distance, wide with remembered horror. â€Å"He really bit her. And blood came out and he drank it. And when he lifted his head up I saw his teeth.† She started to hyperventilate. â€Å"It's okay. You're safe now,† Rashel said. â€Å"I didn't know! I didn't know those things were real! I thought it was all just†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Daphne shook her head. â€Å"I didn't know,† she said softly. â€Å"Okay. I know it's a big shock. But you've been dealing with it really well. You managed to get away from the truck, didn't you? Tell me about the truck.† â€Å"Well-that was tonight. I could tell day from night by looking at this little window high up. Ivan and the girl came and took the chains off us and made us all get in the truck. And then I was really scared-I didn't know where they were taking us, but I heard something about a boat. And I knew wherever it was, I didn't want to go.† â€Å"I think you're right about that.† Daphne took another breath. â€Å"So I watched the way Ivan shut the door of the truck. He was in back with us. And when he was looking the other way, I sort of jumped at the door and got it open. And then I just fell out. And then I ran-I didn't know which way to go, but I knew I had to get away from them. And then I saw you. And†¦ I guess you saved my life.† She considered. â€Å"Uh, I don't know if I remembered to say thank you.† Rashel made a gesture of dismissal. â€Å"No problem. You saved yourself, really.† She frowned, staring at a drop of chocolate on the plastic table without seeing it. â€Å"Well. I am grateful. Whatever they were going to do to me, I think it must have been pretty awful.† A pause, then she said, â€Å"Uh, Rashel? Do you know what they were going to do to me?† â€Å"Hm? Oh.† Rashel nodded slowly, looking up from the table. â€Å"Yes, I think so.†

The History of Prohibition in the United States

The History of Prohibition in the United States Prohibition was a period of nearly 14 years of U.S. history (1920 to 1933) in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquor was made illegal. It was a time characterized by speakeasies, glamor, and gangsters and a period of time in which even the average citizen broke the law. Interestingly,  Prohibition, sometimes referred to as the Noble Experiment, led to the first and only time an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was repealed. Temperance Movements After the American Revolution, drinking was on the rise. To combat this, a number of societies were organized as part of a new Temperance movement, which attempted to dissuade people from becoming intoxicated. At first, these organizations pushed moderation, but after several decades, the movements focus changed to complete prohibition of alcohol consumption. The Temperance movement blamed alcohol for many of societys ills, especially crime and murder. Saloons, a social haven for men who lived in the still untamed West, were viewed by many, especially women, as a place of debauchery and evil. Prohibition, members of the Temperance movement urged, would stop husbands from spending all the family income on alcohol and prevent accidents in the workplace caused by workers who drank during lunch. The 18th Amendment Passes At the beginning of the 20th century, there were Temperance organizations in nearly every state. By 1916, over half of the U.S. states already had statutes that prohibited alcohol. In 1919, the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibited the sale and manufacture of alcohol, was ratified. It went into effect on January 16, 1920- beginning the era known as Prohibition. The Volstead Act While it was the 18th Amendment that established Prohibition, it was the Volstead Act (passed on October 28, 1919) that clarified the law. The Volstead Act stated that beer, wine, or other intoxicating malt or vinous liquors meant any beverage that was more than 0.5% alcohol by volume. The Act also stated that owning any item designed to manufacture alcohol was illegal and it set specific fines and jail sentences for violating Prohibition. Loopholes There were, however, several loopholes for people to legally drink during Prohibition. For instance, the 18th Amendment did not mention the actual drinking of liquor. Also, since Prohibition went into effect a full year after the 18th Amendments ratification, many people bought cases of then-legal alcohol and stored them for personal use. The Volstead Act allowed alcohol consumption if it was prescribed by a doctor. Needless to say, large numbers of new prescriptions were written for alcohol. Gangsters and Speakeasies For people who didnt buy cases of alcohol in advance or know a good doctor, there were illegal ways to drink during Prohibition. A new breed of gangster arose during this period. These people took notice of the amazingly high level of demand for alcohol within society and the extremely limited avenues of supply to the average citizen. Within this imbalance of supply and demand, gangsters saw a profit. Al Capone in Chicago is one of the most famous gangsters of this time period. These gangsters would hire men to smuggle in rum from the Caribbean (rumrunners) or hijack whiskey from Canada and bring it into the U.S. Others would buy large quantities of liquor made in homemade stills. The gangsters would then open up secret bars (speakeasies) for people to come in, drink, and socialize. During this period, newly hired Prohibition agents were responsible for raiding speakeasies, finding stills, and arresting gangsters, but many of these agents were underqualified and underpaid, leading to a high rate of bribery. Attempts to Repeal the 18th Amendment Almost immediately after the ratification of the 18th Amendment, organizations formed to repeal it. As the perfect world promised by the Temperance movement failed to materialize, more people joined the fight to bring back liquor. The anti-Prohibition movement gained strength as the 1920s progressed, often stating that the question of alcohol consumption was a local issue and not something that should be in the Constitution. Additionally, the Stock Market Crash in 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression started changing peoples opinion. People needed jobs. The government needed money. Making alcohol legal again would open up many new jobs for citizens and additional sales taxes for the government. The 21st Amendment Is Ratified On December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment, making alcohol once again legal. This was the first and only time in U.S. history that an Amendment has been repealed.

Culinary Class-Difference Between Starch Potato and WaxyPotato Essay

Culinary Class-Difference Between Starch Potato and WaxyPotato - Essay Example Professor McComber (Iowa State University, retired; J.Food Sci.1988, 53:1423-1426) On a molecular level the starch in waxy potatoes is made up of almost entirely of the large branched molecule known as amylopectin (around 74%) and the much smaller linear amylase molecule (26%).Both amylase and amylopectin are polysaccharide which acts as forms of storage of glucose. Starchy potatoes are best used for deep frying, because they are low in sugar and can be fried long enough for them to cook fully at the center without burning their outside. These potatoes also make the best choice for mashed potatoes since they fall apart easily when boiled. Waxy potatoes on the other hand are an excellent choice for boiling and roasting, since they are low in starch, they usually maintain their shape after they are cooked. These potatoes are not the best when it comes to frying because their high moisture content makes them soggy and limp. Professor McComber (J.Agric.Food Chem.1994,

Philosophy Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Philosophy Ethics - Essay Example The paper also describes the methods to keep ethical code in priority in order to maintain rule of morality and law in society in general and within the organization in particular. I have been working as CEO of ABC Tobacco Company for the last five years, and maintain the credit of multiplying the business volume of my company to almost three fold from the time I assumed the position afore-mentioned. We prepare high quality tobacco for the cigars and cigarettes that produce alluring aroma, and hence, captivates the attraction of smokers and even non-smokers too to some extent. Thus, refined high quality, bewitching fragrance, delicate presentation, stylish packing and economical cost make our product as a very popular brand at regional level. It is therefore the sales volume of our cigarettes is in constant increase, and our company has also brought the characteristics of the product in limelight through advertising campaign at print and electronic media. Somehow, arrival of new brands at low prices has affected our sales, and profit volume may also witness downfall. Consequently, our marketing and advertising department has proposed the advertising of our pro duct outside schools, colleges, universities and health clubs, so that it could fascinate the youth and thus they start buying and consuming the product both secretly and openly. It is a fact beyond suspicion that youth serves as the most emotional and thrilling stratum of society, which appears to be ready to enter into adventures and create excitement in one way or the other. Additionally, harmful, destructive and risky adventures particularly capture their attention, and they are determined to violate the law and thus get involved into the activities the norms, values, mores, traditions and statutes of prevailing law of their society prohibits them to do the